How is mean arterial pressure calculated?

MAP = [(2 × Diastolic BP) + Systolic BP] / 3. This weighted formula accounts for the heart spending approximately two-thirds of the cardiac cycle in diastole. For example, BP 120/80: MAP = (2 × 80 + 120) / 3 = 93 mmHg.

What is a normal MAP?

A normal MAP is 70–100 mmHg. MAP ≥ 65 mmHg is the minimum target for adequate organ perfusion in most clinical scenarios. In septic shock, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommends targeting MAP ≥ 65 mmHg with vasopressors after adequate fluid resuscitation.

Why is MAP clinically important?

MAP represents the average perfusion pressure throughout the cardiac cycle and better reflects tissue perfusion than systolic or diastolic pressures alone. It is used in sepsis management (target ≥ 65), cerebral perfusion pressure calculation (CPP = MAP − ICP), and as a criterion in scoring systems (SOFA, NEWS2).

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Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) Calculator

Compute MAP from systolic and diastolic blood pressure: MAP ≈ (SBP + 2×DBP) / 3.

Eingaben

Systolic BP (mmHg)

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

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Enter SBP/DBP to calculate MAP.

Haftungsausschluss: Nur zu Bildungszwecken. Kein Ersatz für klinisches Urteil.

Interpretation (general)

Targets depend on clinical context. In many shock/ICU protocols, a common initial goal is MAP ≥ 65 mmHg, but individualized targets may be appropriate (e.g., chronic hypertension).

Low/critical: MAP < 60 mmHg may compromise organ perfusion in some patients.
Typical: ~70–100 mmHg in many adults at rest.
High: sustained MAP > 110 mmHg may be concerning depending on scenario.

References

Cecconi M, et al. Sepsis and septic shock. Lancet. 2018.
Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines (latest update). MAP targets are discussed in hemodynamic resuscitation sections.

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What Is Mean Arterial Pressure?

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the average arterial pressure during a single cardiac cycle, representing the steady-state driving pressure for tissue perfusion. It is calculated using the standard formula: MAP = (SBP + 2 × DBP) / 3, which weights diastole more heavily because diastole occupies approximately two-thirds of the cardiac cycle at normal heart rates. MAP is a more physiologically meaningful measure of perfusion pressure than systolic blood pressure alone.

When to Use MAP

MAP is a critical hemodynamic target in the management of shock, sepsis, traumatic brain injury, and any condition where end-organ perfusion is at risk. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines recommend a target MAP ≥65 mmHg during initial resuscitation of septic shock. In neurocritical care, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP = MAP − ICP) is a key management target, making MAP monitoring essential.

Interpreting MAP Values

Normal MAP in adults at rest is approximately 70–100 mmHg. MAP <65 mmHg is commonly used as the threshold below which organ perfusion may be compromised, though optimal targets are patient-specific. MAP <60 mmHg is generally considered critical. Sustained MAP >110 mmHg may be concerning for end-organ damage in acute hypertensive emergencies.

🔑 Klinische Hinweise

The MAP ≥65 mmHg target in sepsis is a starting point. Patients with chronic hypertension may need higher targets (MAP ≥75–80) to maintain adequate perfusion to organs adapted to higher pressures.
MAP calculated from non-invasive cuff readings may differ from invasive arterial line measurements, especially in vasopressor-dependent patients or those with peripheral vasoconstriction.
The formula MAP = (SBP + 2×DBP)/3 is an approximation. At higher heart rates, diastole shortens proportionally more, and the true MAP shifts closer to the systolic value.
In traumatic brain injury, target CPP (MAP − ICP) of 60–70 mmHg is recommended. Achieving this requires both MAP optimization and ICP management.

Schlüsselreferenzen

Evans L, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021. Intensive Care Med. 2021;47(11):1181–1247.
Cecconi M, et al. Sepsis and septic shock. Lancet. 2018;392(10141):75–87.
Carney N, et al. Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, 4th Edition. Neurosurgery. 2017;80(1):6–15.

Formel zuletzt überprüft: Februar 2026